Healthy Living Reality

Category: weight

  • Balanced Meals for Diabetes: Protein, Fat, and Healthy Plate Tips

    Most people think of carbohydrates when they think about managing diabetes. I already talked a lot about carbohydrates in earlier posts. Here’s a bit about meal planning with carbohydrates using the carbohydrate exchanges. Here’s information about choosing nutritious sources of carbohydrates for better health and blood sugar management. 

    There’s more to healthy meals than carbohydrates. Protein and fat are the other main macronutrients, or sources of calories. As with carbohydrates, protein and fat both affect blood sugar and health. Also similar to carbohydrates, quantity and quality of protein and fat are both important. Here’s information about choosing lean proteins and healthy fats, and how to put them together with carbohydrates for balanced meals to manage blood sugar and weight. 

    As always, talk to your healthcare provider if you have diabetes or any concerns about your health or diet. Work with your provider or healthcare team for optimal blood sugar management and weight control.

    The Importance of Protein in Balanced Meals

    Protein should be part of most meals and snacks. It’s helpful for weight loss and managing hunger because it slows absorption, but it also helps make the blood sugar spike less severe. Protein helps with muscle maintenance, immune function, and metabolism, too. 

    Choose lean sources like fish, egg whites, and beans. Skinless chicken, shrimp, tofu, and low-fat dairy products are also good options. Limit fatty red meat and processed meats, since they can be high in saturated fat. Processed meats also have sodium and nitrates, which can cause cancer. Lean red meat is a better choice than fatty, but it can still raise risk for heart disease. 

    Tofu and other plant-based proteins are cholesterol-free and low in saturated fat.

    Aim for 20-30 grams of protein per meal, or 10-20 grams per snack. Use healthy cooking methods like roasting, grilling, and stewing. Limit fried and battered proteins like fried chicken, fish sticks, and popcorn shrimp. 

    The Role of Healthy Fats in Diabetes-Friendly Meals

    Healthy fats lower cholesterol levels and support better insulin sensitivity. They can help reduce blood sugar spikes after meals, and keep you fuller for longer. Less healthy fats like saturated fat can raise cholesterol levels. Butter, cream, lard, palm oil, and fat from meat or skin of poultry are examples. 

    Walnuts are high in fat, but it’s healthy! They have omega-3 fatty acids.

    Good sources can include plant-based oils like olive oil and canola oil. Avocados, nuts, peanuts, and seeds are also high in healthy fats and low in saturated fat. Fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and sardines have protein and heart-healthy omega-3 fats. 

    Watch portion sizes of fats, since they’re high in calories. A serving may be:

    • 2 teaspoons of oil
    • ½ ounce of nuts or peanuts
    • 1 tablespoon of peanut butter
    • ¼ cup of avocado
    • 2 tablespoons of hummus

    When thinking about fat, remember to consider fats used in cooking. They count, too!

    Sample Protein and Fat Choices

    Instead of… Try…
    Protein
    Fried chickenGrilled or baked chicken breast
    Bacon or processed deli meatsTurkey slices, lean ham, or roasted turkey
    Breaded fried fishOven-baked or grilled fish
    High-fat ground beef (>20%)Lean ground beef (90%+), ground turkey, or plant-based protein
    Full-fat cheese (large portions)Part-skim cheese or smaller portions
    Fat
    Butter or margarineOlive oil, avocado oil, or small amounts of nut butter
    Mayonnaise or creamy dressings (full-fat)Avocado, hummus, or yogurt-based dressings
    Fried foods (fried meats or snacks)Oven-roasted, air-fried, or grilled alternatives
    Cream or heavy saucesTomato-based sauces, pesto, or olive oil drizzle
    High-fat processed snacksNuts, seeds, or lightly roasted chickpeas

    Building a Balanced Plate: Combining Carbs, Protein, and Fat

    Now you know which are the healthiest carbohydrate, protein, and fat sources to choose. You know how much to choose for most meals and snacks. Let’s put it together. It can be simple to put together balanced, nutritious plates. 

    Start with plenty of non-starchy vegetables. Examples include:

    • A green salad on the side
    • Greens and chopped vegetables as a base for an entree salad
    • A mix of vegetables for a stir fry, soup, stew, casserole, or egg dish
    • Steamed, roasted, grilled, or raw vegetables as a side dish

    Add a serving of lean protein. Examples include:

    • 1-2 ounces of low-fat cheese
    • ½ cup of low-fat cottage cheese
    • 3 ounces of skinless chicken, fish, or shrimp
    • 1 egg and 2-4 egg whites, or 4-6 egg whites
    • A can of tuna
    • ½ cup of cooked beans and 1 ounce of low-fat cheese

    Choose high-fiber carbohydrates. Aim for 2-3 carb exchanges. Examples include:

    • 1 cup of cooked brown rice, whole-wheat pasta, or quinoa
    • 1 slice of whole-grain bread and 1 cup of fresh fruit
    • 1 small sweet potato and ½ cup of green peas
    • ½ cup of shredded wheat and 1 small banana

    Identify where your healthy fats may be coming from. Examples include:

    • 2 tablespoons of vinaigrette dressing
    • ⅓ small avocado
    • 2 tablespoons – ¼ cup hummus
    • 1 tablespoon of peanut butter
    • 2 tablespoons of seeds

    It can be simple to put together a balanced plate. Here are some examples.

    • Grilled salmon with quinoa, roasted broccoli, and a side salad
    • Lentil soup with a side of steamed green beans and avocado slices
    • Whole grain toast with nut butter, berries, and a handful of leafy greens

    I hope this information helps make meal planning simpler. The steps are to load up on non-starchy vegetables, to choose nutritious sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, and to put them together in proper portions. Ask your doctor if you have questions!

    How do you put together healthy meals?

  • Right Carbohydrates for Best Health in Diabetes Management

    I already talked a bit about carbohydrate consumption in diabetes, and now I want to expand on that. The previous post focused on quantity of carbohydrates per meal or snack using the carbohydrate exchange lists. This time, I want to focus on quality of carbohydrates and how to include carbohydrates in an overall healthy diet with fiber, protein, and healthy fats to manage blood sugar and have other benefits. 

    Carbohydrate Quantity and Quality

    Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. When your body digests food with carbohydrates, your body breaks them down into sugar, or glucose, and releases that into the blood. 

    When talking about the quantity of carbs, using carbohydrate exchange lists is helpful for meal planning because it makes it simple to consume or serve a consistent amount of carbohydrates. One exchange is 15 grams of carbohydrates. 

    There are all different types of carbohydrates – choose high-fiber, low-sugar, nutrient-rich sources!

    For example, each of these sample meals has a similar amount of carbohydrates because they each have three carb exchanges. 

    • Peanut butter on 2 English muffin halves with ½ banana
    • 1 cup of cooked whole-grain spaghetti with tomato sauce and ground turkey, and a side of ½ cup of corn
    • 1 banana, 1 orange, and 1 apple
    • 1 cup of cereal, 1 cup of milk
    • ½ cup of brown rice, vegetables stir fried with chicken, and 1 cup of ice cream

    Carbohydrate quality matters, too. Carbohydrate quality refers to the type of carbohydrates and other nutrients that are in food. Higher-quality carbohydrates may have more fiber, protein, and healthy fats, and fewer sugars and refined starches, than lower-quality ones.

    Intuitively, it makes sense that a slice of whole-grain bread is higher-quality than a sandwich cookie. Both are 1 carbohydrate exchange, but the bread has fiber, antioxidants, and B vitamins. The sandwich cookie has refined starch, added sugars, and saturated fat.

    Why Carbohydrate Quality Matters in Diabetes

    Carbohydrate quality is important for general health, as nutrients like fiber and healthy fats can lower cardiovascular risk, and components like sugar and saturated fat can raise cardiovascular risk. In diabetes, it’s important to choose higher quality carbs to improve your glycemic response to carbs.

    Carbohydrates like sugar and refined starch spike blood sugar because they’re quick to digest and release into the bloodstream. That’s the opposite of the goal in diabetes! White bread, jam, soda, and candy are examples.

    Look for high-fiber carbohydrates without much added fat.

    Low-quality carbohydrates may also have unhealthy components, like sodium and saturated fat, that raise blood pressure or cholesterol levels. Potato chips, croissants, and French fries are examples. Pancakes with butter and buttered rice are also high in refined starch, saturated fat, and often sodium.

    On the other hand, carbohydrates with fiber, protein, and other nutrients lead to a slower and smaller spike in blood sugar. Here are some nutritious options.

    • Whole grains like oatmeal, brown rice, quinoa, whole-wheat pasta, and whole-grain cereal
    • Beans and lentils
    • Fruit like berries, bananas, oranges, apples, pears, and `grapes
    • Starchy vegetables like sweet potatoes, corn, peas, potatoes, and winter squash, 

    These carbs may spike blood sugar on their own, but the nutrients it provides can make it worthwhile. Pairing it with protein and fat can help. 

    Non-starchy vegetables are low in carbohydrates and calories. They’re high in fiber and other nutrients. They’re almost always a good choice! Examples are tomatoes, cucumbers, leafy greens, broccoli, peppers, zucchini, carrots, and eggplant.

    High and low-nutrient carbohydrates also affect weight. High-quality carbohydrates are more filling, so it’s easier to eat less of them. Lower-quality carbohydrates are less filling. It’s easy to eat too many calories and gain weight.

    Choosing High-Fiber, Nutrient-Dense Carbohydrates

    How can you choose nutritious sources of carbohydrates? Here are some swaps you can make to your regular choices.

    Instead of… Try…
    Breads & Sandwiches
    White breadWhole wheat, sprouted grain, or sourdough
    White sandwich rolls / bunsWhole grain or oat-based rolls
    Croissants or pastriesWhole wheat toast with nut butter & fruit
    White bagelsWhole grain mini bagel or half with toppings
    Grains & Rice
    White riceBrown rice, quinoa, or cauliflower rice
    Instant or polished grainsSteel-cut oats, farro, or barley
    Pasta & Noodles
    Regular white pastaWhole grain or lentil/chickpea pasta
    Instant ramen or refined noodlesWhole grain or brown rice noodles
    Breakfast & Cereals
    Sugary breakfast cerealHigh-fiber, low-sugar cereal or homemade muesli
    Instant oatmeal packetsOld-fashioned or steel-cut oats
    White flour pancakesWhole grain or oat-based pancakes
    Sweetened muffinsBran or whole grain muffins with less sugar
    Snacks & Crackers
    White crackersWhole grain or seed-based crackers
    Potato chipsAir-popped popcorn or roasted chickpeas
    Plain rice cakesBrown rice cakes with toppings
    Potatoes & Starchy Vegetables
    French fries / fried potatoesBaked sweet potato wedges
    Tater tots / hash brownsAir-fried veggie patties or roasted potatoes
    Mashed potatoes with butterMashed cauliflower or roasted potatoes with olive oil
    Desserts & Sweets
    Apple pieBaked apple slices with cinnamon
    Candy or gummiesFresh berries or frozen grapes
    Sweetened applesauceUnsweetened applesauce or mashed fruit
    Beverages
    Fruit juiceWhole fruit or smoothie with protein
    Sweetened drinksWater, sparkling water, or herbal tea
    Convenience Foods
    Sugary granola barsLow-sugar high-fiber bars
    Instant mashed potatoesRoasted potatoes or mashed cauliflower

    Now that we’ve gone into detail on carbohydrates in diabetes, it’s time to move on to other parts of your plate. Lean proteins and healthy fats can improve blood sugar control and support weight management. In future posts, we’ll talk about nutritious protein and fats, and how to build a healthy plate at every meal.

  • Healthy Hot Dogs and Hamburgers for Kids and Parents: Quick & Family-Friendly Ideas

    Hot dogs and hamburgers are easy, quick, and kid favorites, but they can be among the least healthy choices for a family meal. Still, with a few swaps, you can make them healthier. Healthy hot dogs and burgers with high-fiber sides can be easy to make and kid-friendly. Here are tips for cutting back on saturated fat and refined carbs and adding protein and fiber, while keeping kids’ tastes buds in mind. 

    Choose a Healthier Hot Dog

    A standard beef or pork hot dog is high in saturated fat and cancer-causing nitrates. It’s not even that high in protein, with 5 grams of protein, or 10% of the daily value, in a classic wiener. Protein helps your kids grow and it helps you stay full for longer, which makes weight management easier. 

    Turkey franks are slightly better. They’re lower in saturated fat and don’t have red meat, which is linked to heart disease risk. But they’re still not great. They have cancer-causing nitrates just like beef dogs do, and they only have 5-6 grams of protein.

    For a much healthier choice, try veggie dogs. They’re free from nitrates and cholesterol, and they’re low in saturated fat. They’re also higher in protein. A jumbo veggie dog, for example, has about the same amount of calories as a beef or turkey dog, with 100 calories, but it has no nitrates, no cholesterol, and 14 grams of protein. 

    Better Burger Alternatives

    Don’t do it! A burger and fries can have over 1,000 calories, but with just a bit more effort, you can serve a nutritious, high-protein meal!

    Burgers can be higher in protein than hot dogs, but for the sake of your health and your children’s health, consider alternatives to regular beef burgers. A 4-ounce beef patty made with 85% lean ground beef has 240 calories and 6 grams of saturated fat. That’s about a quarter of the daily limit for saturated fat. Plus, red meat – even lean red meat – can increase risk for heart disease due to the way your body metabolizes it. 

    Try a lean ground turkey burger instead. Look for 90-95% lean. Keep it from being too dry by adding a bit of grated zucchini, a splash of milk, or beaten egg. A tablespoon of light mayo or a few squeeze of ketchup can also help. Be sure not to overwork the meat when you’re shaping it. 

    Here are some other alternatives to offer. 

    • Skinless chicken is a great lean option. Bake or grill it for kids who like simple foods. 
    • If your children like chicken nuggets, make healthier versions. Dip chicken tenderloin in egg whites and coat it with whole-grain cracker crumbs or breadcrumbs, oats, or almond meal. Bake it on a sprayed cookie sheet.
    • Veggie burgers. They’re fun for kids who like colors and textures. Different varieties may have garbanzo beans, black beans, yellow corn, green peas, orange carrots, quinoa, oats, and more. 

    Whole-Grain Buns and Wraps

    Why waste space and calories with a white bun when a whole-wheat bun is just as easy to come by? Both hot dog and hamburger buns are usually available in a generic or store brand version, so they’re affordable. Whole-grain tortillas can also be great choices for hot dogs. Kids get a kick out of a rolled-up hot dog. 

    Choosing a whole-grain bun is an easy way to boost whole grains and fiber. That’s important because a typical American gets less than half of the recommended amounts of whole grains and fiber, but these are linked to lower risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. Remember to offer the bun toasted if your children may enjoy it more that way.

    For yourself, consider portion control. A smaller, store-brand whole-wheat hamburger bun can have about 120 calories. A national brand, larger bun can have 200 or more calories and 35 or more grams of carbohydrates. 

    If you’re going low-carb, consider a low-carb tortilla, low-carb wrap, or naked dog or burger. 

    Sneak More Nutrients into the Burger

    You’ve given your kids a great start with a whole-grain bun and lean protein for the filling, but it’s okay to push for more! If your goal is to get as much nutrition as possible into the burger and your child’s belly, here are some more ideas. 

    • Mashed or pureed ripe avocado for heart-healthy fats and a creamy texture
    • American cheese slices or a slice of another type of hard cheese for protein and calcium.
    • Meatless bacon
    Give your children enough healthy choices, and they are sure to end up with a healthy meal that they love.

    If you do opt for process cheese, just read the nutrition facts and ingredients. Look for a brand that has protein and calcium. Some varieties are made mostly with starch, and don’t have much protein.

    Healthy Toppings and Condiments

    Some children love toppings. Others prefer their food plain. A squeeze of ketchup is probably the most popular choice for kids. Grown-ups can enjoy relish, yellow mustard, dijon mustard, or spicy brown mustard for a low-calorie condiment. 

    For yourself, feel free to make a more filling burger or hot dog by piling it high with grilled onions and peppers, mushrooms cooked in a small amount of broth, or lettuce and tomato. 

    Kid-Friendly Vegetable Sides

    Instead of a hot dog and chips or a burger and fries, serve plenty of appetizing vegetables. For example, for a crunchy side, skip potato chips. Instead, cut sodium and fat, and add vegetables and nutrients  with baked kale chips. Shred kale leaves, toss them in olive oil and sea salt or parmesan cheese, and bake them on a sprayed cookie sheet. 

    Instead of French fries, try baked strips of sweet potato, zucchini, carrots, green beans, or parsnip. They’re delicious and far healthier choices than fried potatoes, and many children like these choices. 

    Colorful finger foods may be enticing enough to get your children to eat vegetables. Let them choose their favorites!

    If you need more vegetables for yourself, serve a side salad. It’s easy, filling, and low in calories. 

    Bon Appetit!

    Depending on your children’s ages and abilities, consider involving them to various degrees. Older children may be able to help you set the table and prepare some foods, like coating chicken with breadcrumbs, mashing avocado, or tossing kale with olive oil and parmesan. Children may enjoy assembling their own burger or hot dog and toppings. Even younger children may appreciate you asking how they want their burger or dog, and which sides they prefer. 

    End a meal with fresh fruit instead of a sugar-sweetened dessert, and your child may be just as happy.

    How do you get a quick, healthy lunch or dinner on the table for your whole family? How do you serve it? Please tell me your ideas!

  • Reflections from the Fourth: Balancing Family, Fun, and Physical and Mental Well-Being

    Reflections from the Fourth: Balancing Family, Fun, and Physical and Mental Well-Being

    Holidays like the Fourth of July can be tricky for anyone trying to make healthy choices, so it’s important to balance your choices. Some choices – like grilling skinless chicken instead of a ground beef patty – may help you make progress towards your health and weight goals today. Other decisions – like staying out later than usual to watch fireworks – may seem like a short-term physical setback, but they can strengthen your foundation for longer-term success. 

    Here’s how my Fourth of July panned out – and it wasn’t entirely healthy!

    Promises and Challenges of a Summer Holiday

    The Fourth of July can feel so promising because of a day off of work, a general good mood around the household and neighborhood, and the prospect of attending local events. Our local opportunities include a pancake breakfast fundraiser in a community center parking lot, a local parade in which anyone can march or ride, a gathering at a park with doughnuts, watermelon, and community police who let children go into their cars, and a block party that includes a potluck, raffle, and kid-friendly activities. We’re lucky to have so much nearby!

    It’s not all positive, though! First, most parents will tell you that holidays are challenging. There’s no school or summer camp, which means children are at home. Their company can be a delight, and they can inject excitement and joy into a holiday that may otherwise barely be a blip on the radar, but there’s no denying that it takes more energy to have a child at home than not. 

    Food is another July 4 challenge – it’s everywhere from parades to day-time and fireworks-watching potlucks and gatherings. You can easily consume thousands of calories from standard fare like the following. 

    • Fatty steaks, burgers, and hot dogs, and cheese and buns that come with them
    • Potato salad, pasta salad, and coleslaw
    • Mayonnaise, guacamole, hummus, and salad dressings
    • Pies, cupcakes, brownies, and doughnuts

    That’s before adding in calories from lemonade, sodas, and alcoholic beverages. 

    Other challenges to pursuing your health goals can include disruptions to your routine such as sleeping in instead of exercising, socializing instead of cooking, and watching fireworks instead of starting your bedtime routine. 

    Independence Day Food Opportunities and Strategies

    Throughout the day, you’re likely to find nutritious or low-calorie choices like watermelon, corn on the cob, grilled chicken or veggie burgers, and raw vegetables. Load up your plate with these types of food!

    Limit creamy salads like coleslaw and mayo-laden potato and pasta salad. Look for green salads, cowboy caviar with beans and vegetables, and other vibrant options like caprese salad or other light, vegetable-based dishes. Use Dijon or yellow mustard and a small amount of ketchup on burgers or veggie dogs. 

    If you’re going to a potluck, bring a dish or some components that are healthy. 

    • A fruit or vegetable platter, or berries, watermelon wedges, or baby carrots
    • Skinless chicken or a package of lean ground turkey patties or veggie burgers to grill
    • Light condiments like mustard and vinaigrette dressing
    • A package of whole-grain hamburger or hot dog buns, or whole-grain tortillas or wraps

    Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Bring your own full water bottle if you’re not sure that there will be water available. 

    More Tips for Better Physical and Mental Health on Independence Day

    I had a wonderful Independence Day. A good deal of it was due to being a lucky parent. My parents were willing – as always when they’re in town! – to watch my son while I took time to run, shoot some hoops in the park, and have a few thoughts by myself. 

    Another stroke of luck is that my son is a marvelous child on special days like holidays. He is excited about events, and engaged and interested. That makes it easier to hang out with him, exhausting though it can be. 

    Another suggestion might be to keep perspective. It didn’t seem all that important to start food fights with my son; instead, we appreciated the special food. My hope is that he’ll learn to enjoy special food without guilt. I also want him to grow up without a sense of desperation to eat it all, as some adults develop because they’re afraid they won’t have another chance. 

    It also seemed more important to enjoy the block party with the neighbors than to worry about whether he was eating a doughnut. Everyone looks forward to it every year; we do, too. The abundance of food may not be the best for weight management in the moment, but the friendships and a sense of community come in handy throughout the year as we depend on each other during life’s ups and downs. 

    So, I would say this July 4 was a great time, I’m ready to eat healthy tomorrow, and I am grateful for all that I have – family, friends, and my neighborhood. 

    How do you find balance on July 4 and other holidays?

    fireworks on July 4
  • Benefits of Adequate Sleep — I’m Feeling Them First-Hand!

    Benefits of Adequate Sleep — I’m Feeling Them First-Hand!

    Sleep has so many benefits. As I try to figure out how to start my blog. I want it to be positive, useful, and timely. Since I’m feeling a little down about work and home, I think it’s a good idea to focus on something that did go well recently: sleep!

    Last week, we returned home after a 9-night vacation. It was a wonderful trip, and I’ll write more later about healthy and less-healthy food, tons of physical activity, and running and being a tourist in the heat. For now, I’ll talk about sleeping. 

    At home, I run 6 days a week, and wake to an alarm clock each of those days. So, I only sleep as long as I can one day a week. On our vacation, I slept without an alarm clock for several mornings in a row for the first time in years, excluding some time in 2022 when I was in the hospital, which wasn’t exactly restful. 

    I averaged about 11 hours a night. My son, age 8, averaged about 12 hours a night. We agreed that we could have slept longer, too! Our hotel was wonderful; the beds were comfortable, the room was dark and quiet, and I’d brought my own pillow and an electric blanket. Yes, it’s summer and we were in a hot place, but I need heat to sleep!

    The week-plus of sleeping as much as I wanted was like magic. I felt so much better. I could think better, and my muscles didn’t hurt so much. I knew I’d been short on sleep, as I’d been taking naps for months before the trip. And I knew from experience that everything feels better with adequate sleep. 

    Of course, there’s a ton of research on the benefits of sleep. It helps with blood sugar control and hunger. It reduces cravings and encourages healthier food choices. It increases energy so it’s easier to exercise. It reduces accidents, and improves mood. 


    So why don’t we all get enough sleep every night? 

    There are a lot of reasons, which we can talk about another time! For now, let me just encourage you – and myself – to get enough sleep tonight!

    Thanks for reading, and please let me know in the comments how you feel about sleep!